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Tracking Mumbai Metro Line 3: With 84 Per Cent Work Completed, Phase 1 On Track To Be Operational By December

By
Amit Mishra
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The work on the underground Mumbai Metro Line 3 is complete by nearly 80 per cent as on 31 January, the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation (MMRCL), which is implementing this line, has said.

While 84 per cent of progress in Phase 1 (Aarey to BKC) has been attained, Phase 2 between BKC and Cuffe Parade has seen 76 per cent of overall work completed.

City’s First Underground Public Transport System

The Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ Metro Line 3, also known as Aqua Line will be the first underground metro line in Mumbai and also one of the longest underground continuous stretches in India.

The Mumbai Metro Line 3 spans approximately 33.5 kms, from Colaba (Cuffe Parade) in the extreme south of the city through Bandra, ending within the Special Electronics Export Processing Zone (SEEPZ) in the north-central.

The Aqua Line connects Mumbai’s most congested regions and key financial hubs such as Nariman Point, Bandra-Kurla-Complex (BKC), Fort, Worli, Lower Parel and Goregaon.

Mumbai Metro Line 3 Route Map

The first phase of the project between BKC and SEEPZ is expected to be ready and open to the public by December this year.

Station Progress

The Aqua Line has 27 stations (26 under-ground & one at-grade) of which there are nine underground stations in Phase 1. These stations are being built at a depth of 20 to 29 metre. The station size has been standardised with platforms designed to fit eight-car trains.

Station works on the entire stretch is in the final leg. Barring three stations — Kalbadevi, Girgaum and Grant Road — the rest are more than 80 per cent complete.

The stations in Phase 1 are ready by over 90 per cent and the stations in Phase 2 are ready by over 86 per cent, as per MMRC.

Track Work

The track laying work has been completed on 54 per cent of the entire project, as per MMRC.

Whereas 71 per cent of progress in track laying in Phase 1 has been attained, the corresponding figures for Phase 2 stands at 44 per cent.

Track Installation Status – Mumbai Metro Line 3

A notable feature of the project is the use of head hardened (HH) rails, which can bear about 50 per cent higher pressure compared to normal rails — the HH rails have been manufactured by a Japanese company and imported from Japan.

Further, in a first for India, a new type of track structure design which involves laying vibration-absorbing tracks has been adopted for any underground metro.

The MMRCL is using high vibration attenuation booted twin sleeper blocks (HVABTSB) on the Aqua Line which will absorb vibrations upto 22 vibration decibels (Vdb), over and above the vibrations that are absorbed by a normal metro track.

It is considered ideal for a congested city like Mumbai where there are many heritage structures, old buildings and densely populated residential colonies which can get affected by vibrations.

Traction System

The Mumbai Metro 3 will use overhead contact system (OCS) for powering its metro fleet. The OCS system consists of a 25kV AC traction conductor running along the entire route of the metro.

According to MMRC, 57 per cent OCS work has been completed on Phase 1 and 46 per cent work has been completed on Phase 2 (see the image below):

Traction System Installation Status – Mumbai Metro Line 3

Rolling Stock  

MMRC awarded Alstom a contract worth 315 million euros to supply 31 lightweight, fully-furnished modern passenger trainsets of eight cars each for Aqua Line in September 2018.

The MMRCL has already received two metro trains from Alstom. The trains are currently undergoing the required mandatory tests in a 5-km stretch between the Ramp at Sariput Nagar and Sahar.

Rolling Stock of Mumbai Metro Line 3

Themed on Dynamic Fluidism that takes inspiration from the city, the Aqua Line trainsets prioritises high interior density layout to maximise space efficiency. The 3200-mm wide, stainless-steel trainsets can accommodate approximately 2,400 passengers in a standing and seated position on a single trip, easing daily commute for Mumbaikars.

The planned speed of 95 kmph and an actual operating speed of 85 kmph will reduce the overall travel time of passengers.

It is also the first time that any metro train in India will have 75 per cent motorisation, enabling quick acceleration and deceleration thereby bringing about greater efficiency in operations.

In addition to the above features, it is the first UTO (unattended train operation) project in Mumbai.

Aarey Depot

Work on the 33-acre car shed at Aarey, that would serve as the base for maintaining metro coaches for Line 3 is on a fast track, with 55 per cent of the work completed.

Aerial view of the Metro-3 car shed project at Aarey Colony

The car depot is at-grade and is located at Aarey Colony, north of Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road. There was a long legal battle over Mumbai’s Metro-3 car shed at Aarey, before it was finally allowed to resume last year.

The Aarey car-depot will have an administrative building, operation control, inspection and maintenance workshops and stabling lines for parking of trains.

Meanwhile, the Phase 1 operations will be handled through the backup Operation Control Centre available at BKC until the Aarey metro depot is ready.

GIFT City: Gujarat’s Futuristic Project Could Soon Get Driverless Pods For Public Transport

By
Amit Mishra
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India’s first International Financial Services Centre, at GIFT City in Gandhinagar, is exploring the possibility of introducing driverless pods for internal travel inside the city.

The National Highways Logistics Management Limited (NHLML) has invited proposals from consultants for carrying out feasibility study for development of Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) system to be implemented in GIFT City in Gujarat.

NHLML is a 100 per cent owned Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of the NHAI and is responsible for development of innovative and alternative mobility solutions in the country, including ropeways in various cities.

Personal rapid transit (PRT), also known as pod cars or pod taxis, is a public transport system which comprises small automated vehicles operating on a network of specially built guideways. The driverless pods usually work for non-stop, point-to-point travel transporting four to six people at a time.

Numerous PRT systems were proposed in India, but none of them could be implemented.

As a pilot project, the pod taxi system was to be developed on the 12.3 km stretch from Gurugram border to Sohna road, at a cost of around Rs 800 crore. The project has however, remained in abeyance.

In June 2022, Telangana Government proposed to set up an PRT system from State Assembly to Paradise Metro station in Hyderabad.

The Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has already constituted a special committee to formulate and recommend standards and specifications for PRT system in the country.

GIFT City

Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT) city has been conceived as a Central Business District (CBD) between Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar and will act as a hub for the global financial services sector.

The greenfield city is being developed on 886 acres of land and will include office spaces, Residential apartments, schools, hospitals, hotels, retail and various recreational facilities.

The state government has envisaged connecting the GIFT city with Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar through Public system as Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) and Metro rail system along with strong network of roads.

A branch line of the Ahmedabad Metro connecting the GIFT City with Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, is expected to be operational in 2024.

Agra Metro: 6 Km Priority Corridor To Open Six Months Ahead Of Schedule In Early 2024

By
Amit Mishra
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The Priority Corridor of Agra Metro will be operational for the people of Agra, by the beginning of 2024.

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on Monday (06 February), while inaugurating the tunnelling work for the Agra Metro Rail Project said, “The priority corridor of six kilometres would be completed ahead of the six months of the scheduled target and Metro services will be operational for the people of Agra by the beginning of 2024.”

Agra Metro Rail Project aims to provide safe, reliable, affordable and environment-friendly public mass rapid transit system for the city that receives a very large numbers of tourists, both local and foreign.

The 29.4 km Agra Metro has two corridors with 27 stations.

Agra Metro Map

The 14 km long first corridor between Taj East Gate and Sikandra is now under development. Up to 13 stations, including six elevated and seven underground, will be built along this corridor.

The 15.4-km-long second corridor will be completely elevated and will have 14 stations between Agra Cantt and Kalindi Vihar in Agra City.

Tunnelling Work

The building of the Agra metro rail tunnel was officially launched at a ground-breaking ceremony, held at Ramlila Maidan in front of the Agra Fort.

Inspired by the names of rivers, the excavation work of the tunnel and seven underground stations will be done through two tunnel boring machine (TBM) named ‘Yamuna’ and ‘Ganga’.

Each TBM is approximately 85 metres long and weigh around 450 tonnes. Up to 10-12 metres of tunnel will be prepared daily by each TBM.

The Uttar Pradesh Metro Corporation (UPMRCL) will build two parallel tunnels for the up and down tracks in the Agra Metro’s underground section.

Priority Corridor

The Priority corridor is a 6-km stretch on Corridor 1 and runs from Taj East Gate to Jama Masjid.

It would have three elevated metro stations — Taj East Gate, Basai and Fatehabad Road along with three underground metro stations —Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Jama Masjid.

Currently, the work on 4-km elevated section of priority corridor is nearing completion — civil work on all the three stations have been completed.

Taj East Gate Metro Station
Basai metro Station

Work on Metro rail depot inside 15th Battalion PAC premises for the operations and upkeep of metro trains is also completed.

Agra Metro Depot

The Chief Minister stated that although the priority corridor was supposed to be finished by August 2024, the authorities were pressing forward with a full commitment to finish the project six months earlier, while adhering to all environmental regulations and Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) requirements.

20 Per Cent Ethanol-Blended Petrol Now Available In 15 Cities, Nation-Wide Supply By 2025

By
Amit Mishra
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0

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday (6 February) officially launched the ethanol-blended fuel E20 at the India Energy Week (IEW) 2023 in Bengaluru.

The launch done two months ahead of the scheduled rollout in April is a historic milestone for India’s Ethanol Blending Program (EBP).

E20 which is a blend of 20 per cent ethanol and 80 per cent petrol is the next generation fuel to curb pollution and boost farmers income through agri-waste management.

In the first phase, 15 cities across 11 states and Union Territories of Delhi, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Daman Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli will be covered.

These cities will get E20 fuel through 84 outlets run by Indian Oil Corporation.

Ethanol Blending

Pure ethanol – 100 per cent ethanol or E100 – could theoretically be used to power vehicles, but generally isn’t, due to technical challenges and lack of financial viability.

Ethanol thus is mixed with petrol to form different blends. The commonly used blends are E5 (5 per cent ethanol, 95 per cent petrol), E10 (10 per cent ethanol, 90 per cent petrol), or E85 (85 per cent ethanol by volume and known as flex fuel).

Ethanol extracted from sugarcane as well as agricultural waste is being mixed with petrol to cut India’s dependence on imported oil for meeting its energy needs. Also, ethanol has a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels, helping the nation meet its climate targets.

Ethanol Blending Program (EBP)

India achieved blending of 10 per cent ethanol in petrol (E-10) in June, well ahead of the deadline of November 2022.

With 10 per cent blending, the country has saved a forex outgo of Rs 53,894 crore, and also reduced CO2 emissions by 318 LMT.

The Government in June 2021 had advanced the nation-wide availability of E20 blended petrol to 2025, five years earlier from that planned in 2030.

The ‘National Policy on Biofuels’ notified by the government in 2018 targeted 20 per cent ethanol blending in petrol by the year 2030. However, with encouraging results from E 10 initiative, the target of 20 per cent ethanol blending was advanced from 2030 to 2025-26.

The current experimental supplies of 20 per biofuel mixed petrol is a part of this target and in the next two years its retailing would be expanded throughout the country.

Bengaluru: Centre Receives Proposal For Namma Metro Phase III, 44.65 Km Length To Have Two Corridors

By
Amit Mishra
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0

The project, estimated to cost Rs 16,368 crore, is scheduled to take five years to complete from the date of Centre’s approval.

The Centre last week informed Parliament that it has received a proposal from Karnataka Government for implementation of Phase-III of the Namma Metro Project.

Replying to Bengaluru Central Lok Sabha member P C Mohan’s question, Union Minister of State for Housing And Urban Affairs Kaushal Kishore said that the 44.65-km-long Phase-III will have two corridors.

The 32.15-Km Corridor 1 with 22 stations will extend the Metro line from Kempapura to JP Nagar Phase IV. Once this corridor is complete, Bengaluru will have a circular metro on the Outer Ring Road (ORR).

The Corridor 2 from Hosahalli to Kadabagere along Magadi Road will have a length of 12.5 km with nine stations.

Phase 3 Alignment

For the Corridor 1, stations are planned at JP Nagar (IV, V phases), Kamakhya bus depot, PES Institute of Technology, Nagarbhavi Circle, Sumanahalli Cross, Hosakerehalli Cross, Kanteerava Studio, Peenya, BEL Circle, Mysuru Road, and Hebbal.

For the Corridor 2, Stations are likely to come at Hosahalli, Sumanahalli Cross, Herohalli, Vinayak Nagar, Byadarahalli, Sunkadakatte, and Kadabagere on the Magadi Road section.

Phase III of the Namma Metro project has already received the State government’s in-principal approval in November 2022.

The State government has requested the Union government to sanction the proposal for implementing the project.

16,000 Crore Project

The project, estimated to cost Rs 16,368 crore, is scheduled to take five years to complete from the date of the Centre’s approval.

While 40 per cent of the cost would be split equally between the Union government and the State government, the remaining 60 per cent will be raised through debt.

The Centre is likely to provide additional funds under the PM Gati-Shakti scheme to fast-track transport infrastructure projects.

Bengaluru Metro, christened as “Namma Metro”, is an urban Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) with two lines and 51 stations serving Bengaluru, Karnataka’s capital and largest city.

The project is being implemented by Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL) which is a joint venture of Government of India and Government of Karnataka.

Centre Gives In-Principle Nod To Pune-Nashik Semi High-Speed Rail, 235-km Project Will Shrink Travel Time To Two Hours

By
Amit Mishra
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0

The Ministry of Railways has accorded “in-principle approval” for the Pune-Nashik semi high-speed rail project that was in the pipeline since 2020.

Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis made the announcement in New Delhi on Sunday after a meeting with Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw.

“I thank the Railway Minister for granting in-principle approval to the Pune-Nashik high-speed railway project,” Fadnavis said.

A joint team of the state government and the Railways Ministry will prepare a technical appraisal of the project and then submit it for the approval by the Union Cabinet.

The semi high-speed rail link between Pune and Nashik will boost development of both the cities and provide seamless connectivity to the industrial zones of Pune and Nashik such as Alandi, Chakan, Khed, Manchar, Narayangaon, Sinnar and Satpur.

The Project

Mumbai, Pune and Nashik are together referred as golden triangle of Maharashtra where pace of socioeconomic development is very fast. At present, there is no direct link between these important cities of Maharashtra.

As per the proposal prepared by Maharashtra Railway Infrastructure Development Corporation (MRIDC), the 235.15-km rail line will pass through three main districts of Maharashtra, ie, Pune, Ahmednagar and Nashik.

Proposed Alignment of Pune-Nashik Semi High-Speed Rail Line

The train will stop at 24 stations — eight major and 16 small ones. At a speed of 200 kph, the distance between Pune and Nashik is expected to be covered in around two hours.

Shirur MP and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) leader Amol Kolhe, who had recently raised the issue of the Pune-Nashik semi high-speed rail with the state government while welcoming the approval sought clarity on the specification of the railway line.

“It must happen on broad gauge. It is not clear if the in-principle approval is for the existing proposal or if there are some changes. This point is important because only if the project is carried out on broad gauge will it benefit the farmers and industries in this region,” he said.

In A First For Bihar, Three Vande Bharat Trains Likely From April

By
Amit Mishra
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0

Indian Railways is gearing up to run three Vande Bharat (VB) trains in Bihar from April this year.

Two Vande Bharat trains will run from Bihar capital Patna, going to Jharkhand capital Ranchi and Howrah in West Bengal. Apart from Patna-Ranchi and Patna-Howrah, the railways also plans to start a Vande Bharat Express train on Varanasi-Howrah route. The Varanasi-Howrah train will travel via Gaya-Dhanbad.

Currently, eight Vande Bharat Express trains are running across the country.

These include Varanasi-New Delhi, Katra-New Delhi, Mumbai Central-Gandhinagar, New Delhi-Amb Andaura, Chennai-Mysuru, Bilaspur-Nagpur and Howrah-New Jalpaiguri Vande Bharat trains.

The Howrah-New Jalpaiguri Vande Bharat which was flagged off on 30 December 2022 is the only VB train currently passing through Bihar. It has a stoppage at Barsoi station in Katihar district in the state.

The launch of the flagship train on three intra-state routes will improve the speed of commute for people across the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Jharkhand.

The new lot of VB trains will help rail passengers from the state quickly reach the cultural landmarks of Gaya and Varanasi as well as Kolkata in West Bengal.

The semi-high speed train will run at a speed of 160 km per hour in those sections where the work of KAVACH and automatic block signal system has been completed, and in other sections the speed will be restricted to 130 kmph.

The VB train between the state capital of two neighbouring states will be completed in four hours. Indian Railways has planned to run the train through the newly commissioned line to Ranchi via Patna-Islampur. The new line will reduce the distance from Patna to Ranchi by about 50 km.

Bihar has got a record allocation of Rs 8,505 crore in the railway budget for the fiscal 2023-24, an East Central Railway official said, citing a statement by Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw.

The new budget allocation is nearly seven times the amount allocated in the past for the state — Bihar received an average amount of Rs 1,132 crore between 2009 and 2014.

5,673 Drones Registered In India By December 2022, Delhi Leads With 1,272 UAVs

By
Amit Mishra
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0

As many as 5,673 drones have been registered in the country until December 2022, as per the data submitted by the union government in the ongoing session of parliament.

The Drone Rules, 2021 requires any person owing a drone to apply for registration and obtain a Unique Identification Number (UIN) through the DigitalSky Platform.

Further, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has to maintain a registration record of all such drones to which UIN has been issued under the Rules.

DigitalSky is an online platform hosted by the DGCA for various activities related to the management of unmanned aircraft system activities in India.

While only 502 drones were registered in 2021, 5,171 drones were registered in 2022. A maximum of 1,272 drones have been registered in Delhi followed by 908 in Haryana, 721 in Maharashtra, 705 in Karnataka, 379 in Tamil Nadu and 358 in Telangana.

In Gujarat, 184 drones were issued UINs, while in Uttar Pradesh 136 drones have UINs, in Uttarakhand 129 drones have UINs and in West Bengal 122 drones have UNIs.

Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan are some major states with less than 100 drones registered.

Drones are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS) that are controlled either by a pilot on the ground or with the help of technology.

The usage of unmanned aircraft systems or drones to capture aerial views of events, infrastructure projects, industries, forests, real estate projects and others has increased, with the increase in the availability of flying cameras. This explains the rise in drone registration across the country.

The central government has organized Drone melas in states across the country, to highlight the use of policy reforms and to create awareness about the mechanism of obtaining certification, registration, remote pilot licenses and insurance for drones.

Asteria Aerospace’s A200 Micro drone was the first drone to be registered in the country with an UIN of U0000001.

Telangana: Commissioning of New Airports At Warangal, Adilabad And Jakranpally To Take Time

By
Amit Mishra
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0

As per the original Master plan, these airports will be developed in phases with Phase-1 suitable for ATR-72 aircraft, and Phase-2 for AB-320 aircraft.

The development of new airports at three locations — Warangal, Adilabad and Jakranpally in the state of Telangana, is likely to take some more time.

While airports at Adilabad and Warangal will be developed at brownfield sites (existing), the airport at Nizamabad will be a greenfield project.

In a written reply to the Lok Sabha on 2 January, Minister of State for Civil Aviation V K Singh said the state government had proposed to take up development of three greenfield airports at Jakaranpally (Nizamabad district), Palvancha (Bhadadri Kothagudem district), Devarakadra (Mahabubnagar district) and three brownfield airports at Mamnoor (Warangal district), Basanth Nagar (Peddapally district) and Adilabad district.

Accordingly, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) had conducted Techno-Economic Feasibility Study (TEFS), Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS) survey, soil testing and other tests for all the six sites and submitted the report to the state government in June 2021.

As per the study, only three locations — Warangal, Adilabad and Jakranpally were found to be technically feasible.

The AAI subsequently requested the state government to develop and commission the feasible sites of the three airports for private operations of small aircraft, to avoid immediate requirement of land acquisition.

Further, the AAI has also advised Telangana government to carry out fresh OLS survey (for identification of actual physical obstacles as on date) before taking up of actual development of these three airports.

As per the original Master plan, these airports will be developed in phases with Phase-1 suitable for ATR-72 aircraft, and Phase-2 for AB-320 aircraft.

The construction work on these sites would begin once AAI and the Ministry of Civil Aviation give all necessary clearances. The actual timeline for completion of development of these airports shall depend on land acquisition, availability of mandatory clearances, financial closure by the state government of Telangana.

Currently, the international airport at Shamshabad on the outskirts of Hyderabad is Telangana’s primary civil aviation facility. Demand for airports at Adilabad and Nizamabad has arisen due to their long distance from the state capital.

Warangal Airport

The Mamnoor airport with more than one terminal, was the largest such facility during the pre-independence era. At present, the airport has become defunct. However, Warangal has been on the list of proposed airstrips under UDAN, a regional airport connectivity programme.

The state government has recognised Mamnoor as a potential airport because of its proximity to tourist destination and has allocated 950 acres of land to the AAI for the purpose.

Adilabad Airport

The existing aerodrome at Adilabad is under the control of Indian Air Force (IAF). The Chief Minister announced that an airstrip would be set up in Adilabad in 2018 to fulfil the long-pending dream of Adilabad district.

In Adilabad, 122 acres in the first phase and 175 acres in the second phase will be required for the airport’s construction and removal of roadblocks.

Jakranpally Airport

The idea to build the airport at Jakranpally had first been mooted 12 years ago under the Y S Rajasekhara Reddy government. The new airport at Jakranpally, would be useful for the poor migrant workers from North Telangana districts and also Maharashtra.

Located 25 km east of the district headquarters, the site is well connected with all parts of North Telangana.

According to unofficial sources, about five lakh people from the old integrated districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar and Nizamabad are working in the Gulf.

Telangana: Delay In Land Acquisition Hits Rs 17,000 Crore Hyderabad Regional Ring Road Project

By
Amit Mishra
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0

Telangana government’s ambitious Hyderabad Regional Ring Road project has been delayed due to land acquisition hurdles.

In a written reply to the Lok Sabha on 02 January, the Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari informed that the state government is yet to deposit the committed 50 per cent share of the land acquisition (LA) cost with the centre.

As such the Road Transport Ministry is unable to proceed with the issue of notification under Section 3D of the National Highways Act,1956 for acquiring the land for the project.

The Regional Ring Road (RRR) project has been included under Bharatmala Phase-I, with undertaking and willingness from the state government of Telangana, for bearing the cost of shifting of obstructing utilities and sharing half of the land acquisition cost.

The centre has already approved the alignment and land acquisition plan and has asked the state government to come up with a firm proposal and proper mechanism to deposit 50 per cent share of LA cost, so that Section 3D notification could be taken up.

Two Corridors

The 340 km, four-lane access controlled expressway project around Hyderabad, the state capital, was approved by the centre in 2021.

The RRR Project has two components namely Northern part and Southern part.

Total length of Project road.

The 158-km northern part will connect Sangareddy, Narsapur, Toopran, Gajwel, Pragnapur, Jagdevpur, Bhongir and Choutuppal. The Rs 7,561 crore project notified by the Ministry as ‘NH 161 AA’ is to be totally funded by the centre and another Rs 1,961 crore is to be spent for land acquisition.

The 182 km southern part of the RRR will connect Choutuppal, Ibrahimpatnam, Kandukur, Amangal, Chevella, Shankarpally and Sangareddy. The project is expected to cost Rs 4,322 crore with another Rs 1,748 crore for land acquisition.

The project is expected to be a game changer for Telangana, as the RRR will cover 40 per cent of the population and link 20 towns with the national highways.

Hyderabad, the capital city of Telangana consists of the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, and is a bustling 400-year-old metropolis, with an urban population of 6 million people approximately. It already has a 158-km-long, eight lane Outer Ring Road.

While it was conceptualized in 2001, the entire project was completed in 2016 after many delays.

While the total land acquisition cost for the RRR is expected to be around Rs 4,000 crore, the Telangana government needs to bear 50 per cent of the cost, and the rest would be borne by the centre.

The Road Transport Ministry has already assured to complete the RRR “within three years”, if the Telangana government completes the land acquisition quickly.

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