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Haryana Orbital Rail Corridor: Seven Firms In Fray To Build 26-Km Stretch Between Dhulawat and New Patli Station

By
Amit Mishra
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0

As many as seven companies are in the fray to construct the 25.92-km-long section of the 121.74 km Haryana Orbital Rail Corridor (HORC) project.

Haryana Rail Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (HRIDC) which is the implementing agency for the project had invited tenders for construction of C-23 package in November 2022 with a completion deadline of 639 days.

This package deals with design and construction of civil works of HORC between Dhulawat (south of Sohna) and New Patli Station. Besides this, construction of rail links from New Patli Station to the Indian Railways’ (IR) existing Patli and Sultanpur stations are also included in the project.

According to the technical bids announced on 31 January, the seven bidders are, Afcons Infrastructure, Gawar Construction, GR Infraprojects (GRIL), Larsen & Toubro (L&T), PNC Infratech Ltd and two state-run PSUs — IRCON International and Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd (RVNL).

The evaluation of technical bids will take around two months. Once the technical evaluation of the bids is done, the financial evaluation of the qualified bidders will be done to ascertain the lowest bidder.

Decongesting NCR

HORC is a new electrified double broad-gauge (BG) rail line connecting Harsana Kalan (Sonipat) and Asaoti (Palwal) in Haryana through 17 stations along the Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP)/Western Peripheral Expressway.

HORC Project Alignment

The BG railway line via Sohna, Manesar and Kharkoda will have a design speed of 160 kmph and the capacity to carry 60 million tonnes of freight and 40 million passengers each way annually.

The Orbital Rail Corridor is a crucial infrastructure project to decongest existing IR network in the National Capital Region (NCR) area. The project will decongest Delhi by diverting passenger and freight traffic not originated or destined for Delhi.

The project has been notified as special railway project by the central government in 2020 and is being funded by Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). AIIB will provide a sovereign guaranteed loan of $475 million to the project.

The foundation stone of the project was laid on 27 October 2022 by Union Home Minister Amit Shah and is expected to be ready by FY 2025-26.

Once completed, the project will provide interchange facilities to the Indian Railways’ main radial routes of Delhi-Ambala and Delhi-Rohtak, the dedicated freight corridors (DFC) at Pirthala (near Palwal) and the 164 km Delhi-SNB-Alwar RRTs line at Panchgaon Station.

One Contract Awarded

HRIDC has so far awarded only one major civil contract. The contract to construct the 5.9 km C1 Priority (Manesar-Patli Station) section of the project was awarded to KCC Buildcon in May 2022 which won the project with a bid of Rs 158.16 crore.

Bidding is currently underway for Package C4 which includes constructing 4.7 km twin tunnels across Aravallis using New Austrian tunnelling method.

Work Starts On Six-Lane Bridge Over Ganga At Patna, Rs 2,635 Crore Project To Bring North Bihar Closer To State Capital

By
Amit Mishra
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0

Decks have been cleared for construction of seventh bridge on Ganga River at Patna in Bihar for providing a seamless connectivity between the northern and southern parts of the state.

The six-lane cable-stayed bridge is proposed to be constructed over the Ganga River in Patna between Digha and Sonepur, and will be be built parallel to Western side (180 metre upstream) of Digha-Sonepur Rail-cum-Road Bridge (J P Setu).

Alignment of New Ganga Bridge

For this, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways issued a tender on 31 January. As soon as the agency is selected, the work of construction will be started.

The project shall be developed at an estimated cost of Rs 2,635.89 crore through an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract and will be ready in 42 months.

The firm selected for construction work will also maintain the bridge for a period of three and a half years from the completion of the work.

The J P Setu is a rail-cum-road bridge across Ganga, connecting Digha Ghat in Patna and Pahleja Ghat in Sonepur, Saran district in Bihar. Named after the famous freedom fighter Jayaprakash Narayan (J P), the bridge provides easy roadway and railway link between northern and southern parts of Bihar.

Connecting To NH-139W

The bridge at Patna on Ganga River is a part of NH-139W which connects the state capital to Bettiah.

The 167-km-long four lane road starts from NH-139 near Patna (AIIMS) and passes through Bakarpur, Manikpur, Sahebganj, Areraj before ending at NH-727 near Bettiah.

Bettiah is the administrative headquarters of West Champaran district and lies near Indo-Nepalese border, 225 kilometres north-west of Patna.

Extra-Dosed Cable Bridge

The total length of the project is 6.925 km which includes extra-dosed bridge of 4.556 km and 2.369 km of approach road to connect the bridge with the road.

An extradosed bridge implies a cable-stayed bridge between two pillars. In such bridges, 50 per cent of the load is borne by the cables and the rest by the deck. This type of bridges requires less number of pillars which reduces the cost and time required for construction.

Further, there shall be four loops totaling 3.085 km to connect the bridge with various parts of the city. Loop 1 and 4 will be between Sonepur and AIIMS Patna whereas Loop 2 will connect to Sonepur to Ganga Path Road.

Proposed Loops on New Ganga Bridge

Bringing Closer South And North Bihar

The project will improve transport connectivity between north and south Bihar, which is divided by the Ganga, and better link to Patna, the state capital city, and the surrounding areas.

In particular, the bridge will directly benefit the residents of Patna, Saran, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, East and West Champaran districts. Also, it will ease access to the Buddhist sites in the state, namely, Bodh Gaya, Vaishali, Lauria and Kesariya. At the same time, it will be easy to visit Valmiki Tiger Reserve.

Valmiki Tiger Reserve forms the eastern most limit of the Himalayan Terai forests in India, and is the only tiger reserve of Bihar.

Budget 2023: Government To Establish 200 New Plants To Boost Adoption Of Compressed Biogas As Automotive Fuel

By
Amit Mishra
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0

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, presenting Union Budget 2023-24 in Parliament, has announced that 500 new ‘waste to wealth’ plants under GOBARDHAN scheme will be established for promoting circular economy.

Of these plants, 200 will be compressed biogas (CBG) plants, including 75 plants in urban areas, and 300 will be community or cluster-based plants. The 500 plants are to be established at a total investment of Rs 10,000 crore.

The Galvanising Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan (GOBAR-DHAN) scheme was first announced by former finance minister Arun Jaitley during his budget speech for financial year (FY) 2018-19.

According to Jaitley, the scheme would focus on managing and converting cattle dung and solid waste in farms to produce compost, biogas and bio-CNG.

The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) launched the scheme in April 2018 as a part of the Solid and Liquid Waste Management component under Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) to positively impact village cleanliness and generate wealth and energy from cattle and organic waste.

Under the scheme, CBG plants can be set up by entrepreneurs, cooperatives, gaushalas, dairies among others for generation of CBG on a commercial scale.

The CBG can be sold to industries or oil marketing companies (OMCs) or directly through fuel dispensing units etc.

Large CBG plants are to be set up through self-financing. However, financing can be availed from other sources such as commercial loans, waste to energy programme of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Swachh Bharat Kosh and corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds.

The operational guidelines of SBM (Grameen) provide for financial assistance up to Rs 50 lakh per district for the period of 2020-21 to 2024-25 for setting up of cluster/community level biogas plants.

The Union Budget 2023 also announced introduction of a 5 per cent CBG mandate for all entities marketing natural and biogas in India. This may mean that such companies will have to market CBG to the extent of 5 per cent of their volumes.

The government has been pushing for increased production of CBG and its blending with natural gas, particularly in the transportation segment that uses compressed natural gas, or CNG, as a fuel.

Budget 2023: New Push For Air Connectivity, 50 More Airports To Be Revived Under UDAN Scheme

By
Amit Mishra
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0

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, presenting Union Budget 2023-24 in Parliament, has announced revival of 50 additional airports, heliports, water aerodromes, and advanced landing zones for improving regional air connectivity.

The announcement is part of a target to operationalise 1,000 UDAN routes during the currency of the scheme.

The Ministry of Civil Aviation has launched Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) — UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) on 21 October 2016 to stimulate regional air connectivity and making air travel affordable to the masses.

As on 30 November 2022, after four rounds of bidding under UDAN, 453 routes have commenced, operationalising 70 airports including two water aerodromes and nine heliports.

More than 2.15 lakh UDAN flights have operated and over 1.1 crore passengers have availed the benefits in UDAN flights so far. The scheme has been able to provide air connectivity to Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities at affordable airfares and has transformed the way people travel.

The UDAN Scheme is applicable for a period of 10 years from the date of notification of scheme.

The government has set a target to revive or develop 100 unserved and underserved airports, heliports and water aerodromes by 2024.

A budget of Rs 4,500 crore has already been earmarked for the revival of existing unserved/underserved airports/airstrips of the state governments, Airports Authority of India, public sector undertakings and civil enclaves.

Jamshedpur: Steel City Back On Aviation Map, Direct Flight To Kolkata And Bhubaneswar Launched

By
Amit Mishra
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0

After a gap of almost 10 years, the commercial flight operations have resumed from Jamshedpur.

A daily flight connecting Jamshedpur with Kolkata and Bhubaneswar was launched from Sonari Aerodrome on 31 January by Union Minister of Civil Aviation Jyotiraditya Scindia and Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren.

IndiaOne Air, an Ahmedabad-based regional airline, will start operating a 9-seater single-engine aircraft on the Bhubaneswar-Jamshedpur-Kolkata-Jamshedpur-Bhubaneswar route from today (1 February).

From 1 February, the flight will leave Bhubaneswar at 6.30am and reach Jamshedpur at 7.50am. It will leave Jamshedpur at 8.15am and reach Kolkata at 9.20am.

The flight will leave Kolkata at 10.10am and reach Jamshedpur at 11.15am. It will leave for Bhubaneswar at 12.45pm and reach the Odisha capital at 2.05pm.

While the Jamshedpur-Kolkata part of the route will be operated under the UDAN scheme, the Bhubaneswar-Jamshedpur leg will not be under the regional connectivity scheme.

Debut In 2007

Jamshedpur debuted on the country’s air map in 2007 with Air Deccan providing passenger flight service to Calcutta. But the Air Deccan-run service came to an end soon after the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) imposed load restrictions because of the short runway at Sonari Aerodrome.

MDLR Kingfisher resumed connectivity in 2009, only for a few months. On 17 August 2010, Deccan Charters hired a turboprop 19-seat aircraft but the service ended in February 2011.

In January 2012, DTDS Travels started a flight between Jamshedpur and Kolkata after getting a non-scheduled operator’s licence from DGCA. But the service was discontinued as it could not become viable.

Restarting air services with Jamshedpur has been a long-pending demand from businesses in the area as well as the state government. While Jamshedpur has an excellent road and rail connectivity, the city residents have to travel over 160 km to Ranchi, the state capital to catch a flight.

The launch of Jamshedpur-Kolkata flight on 31 January will be the fifth attempt at air-linking the two cities by private air operators since the creation of Jharkhand.

This new service connecting the industrial hub of Jamshedpur and the epicenter of art and culture, Kolkata will strengthen the economy of these two major cities of Eastern India, increase employment opportunities and promote tourism.

UAE-Based DP World Bags Rs 4,243 Crore Tuna-Tekra Terminal Project In Gujarat, To Handle Biggest Container Ships

By
Amit Mishra
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0

Dubai-based DP World has won the tender for building a Rs 4,243 crore mega container terminal at Tuna-Tekra in Deendayal Port (formerly Kandla Port).

Hindustan Ports Pvt Ltd, the Indian unit of D P World Ltd, trounced Adani Group’s Adani Ports & Special Economic Zone Ltd (APSEZ), to win the rights to build the 2.19 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) capacity container terminal at the satellite facility of Tuna-Tekra.

The Union Cabinet in October 2022 had approved development of the container terminal at Tuna-Tekra, Deendayal Port under public-private-partnership (PPP) mode at an estimated cost of Rs 4,500 crore.

The global port operator placed the highest royalty of Rs 6,500 per TEU, beating Adani Ports, the only other bidder to submit a price bid, by a wide margin. APSEZ quoted Rs 1,500 per TEU as royalty.

A total of three bidders had shown interest. But the third, Qatar-based QTerminal did not turn up for the financial bid.

The letter of acceptance of the bid was issued to Hindustan Ports on 27 January.

Location

Kandla Port is one of the 12 major ports and country’s biggest state-owned port by volume. The port is well connected by the network of rail and road, and serves as the gateway for the trade generating from/to the entire northern India.

The existing facilities at Kandla are located within Kandla creek. To enhance the cargo handling capacity and to handle bigger size vessels, the port has initiated action to develop the port facilities outside Kandla creek i.e. at Tuna-Tekra in Gulf of Kutch within port limits.

Location of Tuna Container Terminal

The proposed container terminal at Tuna-Tekra is approximately 30 km away from the existing Kandla Port, about 1 km east from dry bulk terminal being constructed by the Adani group, and 40 km rast of Mundra port.

Greenfield Project

Tuna-Tekra container terminal is a greenfield project being developed on build, operate and transfer (BOT) basis, where DP World will invest Rs 4,243 crore and an additional Rs 300 crore will be invested by the Deendayal Port Authority.

DP World will be responsible for the design, engineering, financing, procurement, implementation, commissioning, operation, management and maintenance of the project for a period of 30 years.

The planned container terminal will be capable of handling three vessels simultaneously and equipped to handle ships that can carry as much as 21,000 TEUs — this means the biggest of the container ships that are currently being constructed can come to Tuna-Tekra.

Initially, the project will cater to 14-metre draught vessels of 6,000 TEUs and accordingly, a common access channel with 15.5-metre depth will be dredged and maintained by Deendayal Port Authority.

During the concession period, DP World will also have the liberty to handle vessels up to 18-metre draught by deepening and widening the approach channel, berth pocket and turning circle.

The successful bidder will be free to set rates based on market conditions, another plus point for the project, unlike in the past where rates at state-owned ports were regulated.

Turning The Tide : India Starts Exporting Aviation Fuel For Small Planes, Enters $3bn Global Market

By
Amit Mishra
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0

In a first, the State-run oil Major, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) has started the export of AVGAS 100 LL, a special aviation fuel meant for piston engine aircrafts and unmanned ariel vehicles (drones).

The first export parcel consisting of 16 kilo litres (KL) of AVGAS packed in 80 barrel was flagged off by IOC Chairman S M Vaidya to Papua New Guinea from GTI Terminal of JNPT on 28 January

This is the first-ever instance of India exporting this fuel marking its entry into an estimated USD 2.7-billion global market, the PSU oil marketing company (OMC) said in a statement.

AVGAS 100LL

Aviation gasoline, commonly known as “AVGAS”, and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) are two different types of petroleum-based fuel used to power airplanes and other crafts.

Aviation Gasoline 100LL (AVGAS 100LL) is a lower lead version of Aviation Gasoline 100 (0.56g lead/litre Max). It powers unmanned aerial vehicles and piston-engine aircraft used by Flying Training Organisations (FTOs) and and defence forces for training pilots.

Until recently, AVGAS 100 LL fuel was imported at a huge cost from European countries for decades.

It was in September last year that IOC started producing AVGAS 100 LL at its Vadodara (Gujarat) refinery, which has an annual capacity of 5 thousand tonnes (TT) per annum.

AV GAS 100 LL has been tested and certified by Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). It is a higher-octane aviation fuel meeting the product specifications with superior performance quality standards, as compared to imported grades.

Export Rationale

By exporting the special fuel, the country’s largest auto fuel retailer aims to tap the $1.92 billion aviation gasoline market. AVGAS market is expected to grow from the current $1.92 billion to $2.71 billion by 2029.

“There is a significant consumption of AVGAS in South America, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa, and Europe. Therefore, there is a great opportunity to export AVGAS beyond the shores of India. As a first step in this direction, the first parcel of AVGAS produced in India was exported on date,” Vaidya pointed out.

Boost To Flight Training

The indigenous availability of AVGAS 100 LL will help in saving precious foreign exchange and also address the associated logistical challenges.

The move will also make pilot training in domestic flying institutes economical for budding pilots. There are over 35 flying schools in the country and the indigenous availability of product will benefit them.

The aviation traffic in India is likely to grow at 7 per cent CAGR (compounded annual growth rate), which would increase the requirement of trained pilots. As such, with the domestic availability of the special aviation fuel, the Ministry of Civil Aviation is considering opening more training institutes in the country.

The local alternative of AVGAS also has military implications as it can reduce the operating cost of UAVs that are increasingly being deployed by the defence forces as force multiplier.

Bihar: Patna Metro’s First Ever U-Girder Launched On Priority Corridor

By
Amit Mishra
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0

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on Republic Day (26 January) achieved a major milestone in its Patna Metro project work by erecting the project’s first-ever U-girder.

The first U-Girder span was placed between two piers near Bhoothnath Station on the priority corridor between Malahi Pakri and Patliputra Inter-State Bus Terminal (ISBT).

Launching of U-Girder At Patna Metro

U-girders are precast pre-tensioned, structures on which track laying can be done immediately. Metro projects across the world are extensively using U-girders, which saves time in construction besides ensuring better quality.

After casting, these girders are brought to the site and launched with the help of high-capacity cranes or launchers.

A total of 308 such U-girders are planned to be erected in priority corridor while each structure weighs around 160 tonnes.

Two Corridors

The DMRC is the nodal agency for the Patna Metro project which has two corridors — Corridor 1 from Danapur to Khemnichak and Corridor 2 from Patna Station to Patliputra ISBT.

The 14.5-km-long Corridor-2 includes a 6.6-km long elevated priority corridor and a 7.9-km underground stretch.

The elevated priority corridor will have five metro stations, namely, Malahi Pakri, Khemnichak, Bhoothnath, Zero Mile and Patliputra Bus Terminal.

Route map of Patna Metro’s Priority Corridor

The 7.9-km-long underground section will run between Frazer Road to Rajendra Nagar, consisting of seven underground stations — Patna Junction, Akashvani, Gandhi Maidan, PMCH, Patna University, Moin-ul-Haq Stadium and Rajendra Nagar

While the priority corridor will be ready by 2025, the underground section of Corridor 2 will be completed by 2026.

Khemnichak will be the interchangeable station between the two corridors and will have two platforms at the same level.

30 Per cent Work Completed

Work on the priority corridor is in speed after the required land has been handed over and a total of 30 per cent civil works have been completed.

The civil work on priority corridor is to get ready by last quarter of 2024, after which electrical and rolling stock work will start. With the start of the launching of U-girders, timely commissioning of the project is expected.

Single Depot

There will be only one depot for the entire Patna Metro, to be built at SH-1, Bairiya Chak in Sampatchak at Paijawa, near the Patliputra ISBT.

The proposed deadline for the completion of metro depot near Patliputra ISBT is March 2025 along with the priority corridor.

ISBT depot is proposed to be constructed in a total area of 30.5 hectares, out of which 19.2 hectares are dedicated to the depot and rest for property development.

As per the detailed project report, the depot will be laced with state-of-the-art technology. The facility will have two workshop bays and three inspection bays, a testing track, eight stabling bays, which can accommodate 32 three-coach trains, and auto-coach washing.

Mumbai Metro Line 3 : 55 Per Cent Work Completed On Aarey Car Shed

By
Amit Mishra
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0

Work on the 33-acre car Shed at Aarey that would serve as the base for maintaining Metro coaches for Mumbai Metro Line 3 project is on the fast lane with 55 per cent of the work having been completed.

There has been a long legal battle over Mumbai’s Metro-3 car shed at Aarey before it was finally allowed to resume.

The Aarey car depot will have an administrative building, operation control, inspection and maintenance workshops and stabling lines for parking of trains.

Mumbai Metro Line 3: City’s first underground public transport system

The Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ Metro-3 Corridor, also known as Aqua Line will be Mumbai’s first underground Metro once ready.

The alignment of Mumbai Metro Line 3 spans approximately 33.5 kilometres from Colaba (Cuffe Parade) in the south through Bandra, ending within the Special Electronics Export Processing Zone (SEEPZ) in the north, and consists of 27 stations.

Mumbai Metro Line 3 Route Map ( MMRCL)

The Car Depot will be at-grade and is located at Aarey Colony north of Jogeshwari Vikhroli Link Road.

The project is being executed by the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited (MMRCL) – a joint venture of the Government of India and the Maharashtra government.

Metro Line 3 would connect Mumbai’s key financial hubs, such as Nariman Point, Bandra-Kurla-Complex (BKC), Fort, Worli, Lower Parel, Goregaon and also connect to two crucial heritage stations of Mumbai, i.e., CSTM and Churchgate.

The MMRCL plans to commission Metro-3 in 2 phases. The first phase between Aarey Colony Station and BKC will be operational in December 2023. Phase- II between BKC and Cuffe parade will be commissioned next year.

The Delay

The first section (Aarey-BKC) was initially targeted to be opened in June 2021 which got delayed due to protest against Aarey car shed.

Stretched over 1800 acres of forest land in the northern suburb of Goregaon, Aarey is located near the Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) and hosts a rich biodiversity.

Work on the contested depot in Aarey began in 2015 but was halted in October 2019 by the Supreme Court. This came on a petition which challenged the the decision of the BMC Tree Authority to allow the cutting of trees in Aarey for the project.

At that time approximately 30 per cent work had been completed on the project.

Around a month later, the new government in the State headed by Shiv Sena’s Uddhav Thackeray announced the scrapping of the construction of the Metro car shed at Aarey and moved it to the 102-acre Kanjurmarg plot.

The situation, however, changed with the change in guard at the top in June 2022. The project was moved back to Aarey from Kanjurmarg, which was later cleared by the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court on 29 November 2022 modified its status quo order on felling trees in the Aarey Colony, allowing the MMRCL to approach the authorities to cut 84 trees for the project.

In Pictures : Rs 620 Crore Facelift Of Ayodhya Railway Station As RITES Invites Bids For Next Phase Of Redevelopment

By
Amit Mishra
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0

The project to redevelop and model the Ayodhya railway station building along the lines of the under-construction Ram Mandir has entered its second phase.

RITES (Rail India Technical and Economic Service Limited), a Public Sector Enterprise under the Ministry of Railways has invited bids for the Phase- 2 work of the station.

The holy land of faith, devotion and spirituality, Lord Ram’s birthplace Ayodhya has been the focal point of the devotion and faith since ages. The place attracts innumerable devotees from all over the country.

The work of redevelopment of Ayodhya railway station and its circulating area was initially sanctioned in 2017-18, at a total cost of around ₹80 crore. The aim behind the ambitious redevelopment project was to enhance the passenger facilities, anticipating high footfall.

Two-phase Development

The plans for the redeveloped station include a 1400-square metres waiting area, separate dormitories for women and men, and other improved facilities. The number of platforms, however, will not be increased from the existing three after the redevelopment.

The entire redevelopment work has been divided into two phases.

The work on Phase – I which involved construction of a two-storey station building and development of circulation area started in November 2018. It has been completed a cost of 240 crore and will be ready for inauguration soon.

A Look at Ongoing Phase -I Work

The second phase of the project includes construction of Plaza (composite structure covering the Platform and Railway Tracks) including roofing, platform Improvement, elevators / escalators & other allied works.

Proposed Plaza at Ayodhya Railway Station

The work under second phase is estimated to cost Rs 380 Crore and has a completion time of 11 months.

Inside View of Concourse

Unique Architecture

The Ayodhya railway station building has been planned along the lines of the under-construction Ram Mandir – down to the stone used for construction.

The main building is a massive 10,000-square metre, two-storey structure built with pink Bansi-Paharpur stone from Rajasthan.

Pink sandstones from the hills of Bansi-Paharpur area in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan are being used in the construction of the temple.

Two shikhars (steeples) and four pyramid-like structures will be added to the main building to make it resemble the Ram Mandir. The Centre of the building will have a crown, and a bow and arrow atop.

New Station Building

The ongoing development work would accommodate an expected increase in footfall once the temple is completed.

According to the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teertha Kshetra Trust (SRJBTKshetra), the body responsible for the construction of the Ram temple, the ground floor of the temple would be ready by December 2023 and devotees would be able to offer prayers by January 2024, after ‘pran pratishtha’, or the installation of the deity.

However, the first and second floors of the temple will be ready by December 2024, even as the entire carving work will be complete by the end of 2025.

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